There is a growing row over whether Britain's security services have enough powers to monitor terrorists' communications.
The former head of MI5 has warned that Britain's eavesdropping laws are "no longer fit for purpose" because they have fallen behind advances in technology and encryption.
Writing in the Sunday Telegraph, Lord Evans of Weardale said terrorist attacks are increasingly being planned on parts of the internet that are now difficult to police.
:: What powers do intelligence agencies have now?
By law, most if not all communications data such as telephone and email records must be stored for seven years by service providers.
Police and the security services can obtain this data by serving retrospective search warrants on providers that have been signed by the Home Secretary.
:: Why does the Government want extra powers now?
Many online communications are now automatically encrypted, making it impossible for police to monitor them in real time or at all.
Police say this is poses an unacceptable risk to their ability to keep the public safe from terrorist plots.
Encrypted services such as WhatsApp and iMessage were not available 10 years ago, when current eavesdropping laws were drafted.
The Government says the law needs to be updated with new powers to compel service providers to provide police with encryption codes giving them "backdoor" access to these communications.
The Communications Bill or so-called "snoopers' charter" would also give police access to everyone's web browsing history and the content of all social-media communications.
:: Why is there opposition to the plans?
Civil liberties campaigners warn that the line between privacy and keeping the public safe is being eroded.
They believe the Government is using the terrorist attacks in Paris as an excuse to introduce laws which would make it easy to spy on corporations and the public as well as monitor terrorists.
Security experts warn that if the Government was given increased powers to monitor encrypted communications, terrorists would simply stop using them.
Activists in repressive regimes such as Iran and China use encryption to communicate safely. There is fear that if these services become easier to break it will put these people at risk.
Lord Ashdown told Sky News the Bill would turn Britain into a "nation of suspects" and that innocent people should be protected from Government spying.
The Deputy Prime Minister said the Snoopers' Charter plans were "unproven, clunky, resource intensive".
Speaking on BBC's Andrew Marr show Nick Clegg added: "It is not a very British thing to confer or imply guilt on the whole of the nation."
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